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Researchers have detailed the physics behind a phenomenon that allows them to create spin in liquid droplets using ultrasound waves, which concentrates solid particles suspended in the liquid. The discovery will allow researchers to engineer technologies that make use of the technique to develop applications in fields such as biomedical testing and drug development.

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The Laboratory for Low-Carbon Energy and Environmental Sustainability in the College of Engineering and Physical Sciences at the University of Wyoming has one PhD research assistant position in systems analysis of nuclear energy, which will be available from Spring 2026.

The Laboratory for Low-Carbon Energy and Environmental Sustainability promotes a long-term vision for the role of both technology and policy to cope with complex energy, environmental, and natural resource challenges. The laboratory conducts systems research that addresses technical, economic, and policy issues related to energy and the environment and promotes technological innovation. Current interests of research mainly include low-carbon energy systems, carbon capture and storage, hydrogen energy, advanced nuclear technology, and the energy-water nexus under carbon constraints. Recent research outputs have been published in mainstream journals, such as Nature Communications, Nature Water, Environmental Science & Technology, and Applied Energy. The laboratory also pioneers the

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In-brief analysis

May 21, 2025

Data source: United Nations Statistics Division, UN Comtrade
Note: Excludes trade within regions.

China has a major role at each stage of the global battery supply chain and dominates interregional trade of minerals. China imported almost 12 million short tons of raw and processed battery minerals, accounting for 44% of interregional trade, and exported almost 11 million short tons of battery materials, packs, and components, or 58% of interregional trade in 2023, according to regional UN Comtrade data.

In this article, we consider trade of three key minerals needed for batteries—graphite, lithium, and cobalt—among China and key global regions. These minerals are mined or extracted from natural and synthetic sources, processed for battery material manufacturing, and then used to produce batteries and battery components, with robust trade at each stage. As

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