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The fourth state of matter, plasma, is involved in several aspects of how modern microelectronic components are manufactured. Jeremiah Williams, a professor at Wittenberg University and a program director at the U.S. National Science Foundation, discusses how plasmas are used in semiconductor manufacturing and how understanding plasma physics spurs industrial innovation.

Listen to NSF Discovery Files wherever you get your podcasts.

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CHICAGO – FEMA, state and local officials will conduct a public briefing August 5, 2025, for residents to learn about emergency public health and safety plans and preparations for the restart of the Holtec Palisades, LLC nuclear power plant.

Officials from the Michigan State Police, Emergency Management and Homeland Security Division and county emergency management offices in the vicinity of the plant will provide an overview of preparedness plans and how they would function in the event of an emergency. FEMA officials will outline the review and approval process of those plans and provide a brief overview of the July 29 preparedness exercise. The exercise—part of FEMA’s Radiological Emergency Preparedness Program—assesses the ability of the state of Michigan, Van Buren County, Allegan County and Berrien County to respond to an emergency at the Holtec Palisades nuclear power plant. 

Details for the public briefing are as follows:

WHAT:           Public Briefing on Emergency Plans and Preparations for the 

                         Holtec Palisades Nuclear Power Plant Restart

WHEN:          Tuesday, August 5, 2025, from 6:00 – 8:30 p.m. 

WHERE:        Van Buren Intermediate School District Conference Center

                         490 S. Paw Paw St.

                         Lawrence, MI 49064

Residents will also have the opportunity to

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BOTHELL, Wash. –  The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) authorized the use of federal funds to help with firefighting costs for the Burdoin Fire burning in Klickitat County, Washington, and on land of the Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation. 

The state of Washington’s request for a declaration under FEMA’s Fire Management Assistance Grant (FMAG) program was approved by FEMA Region 10 Acting Administrator Vincent J. Maykovich on Saturday, July 19, 2025, at 5:15 p.m. PT. He determined that the Burdoin Fire threatened to cause such destruction as would constitute a major disaster. This is the first FMAG declaration in 2025 to help fight Washington wildfires. 

At the time of the state’s request, the wildfire threatened homes in and around the communities of White Salmon, Bingen, Straight Point and Lyle. The fire also threatened roadways, railways and local powerlines. It was also impacting the Columbia River Scenic Area and turtle habitat in the area. 

FMAGs make funding available to pay up to 75 percent of a state’s eligible firefighting costs for fires that threaten to become major disasters. Eligible items can include expenses for field camps, equipment use, materials, supplies and mobilization and demobilization activities attributed to fighting the fire. These grants do not provide assistance to individual home or business owners and do not cover other infrastructure damage caused by the fire.  

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FRANKFORT, Ky. – Kentucky homeowners and renters who experienced damage or loss caused by the April severe storms, straight-line winds, flooding, landslides and mudslides have less than one week left to apply for federal disaster assistance. The deadline to apply is July 25.

How To Apply for FEMA Assistance

There are several ways to apply for FEMA assistance:

Online at DisasterAssistance.gov.Visit any Disaster Recovery Center. To find a center close to you, visit fema.gov/DRC, or text DRC along with your Zip Code to 43362 (Example: “DRC 29169”).Use the FEMA mobile app.Call the FEMA Helpline at 800-621-3362. Help is available in many languages. If you use a relay service, such as Video Relay Service (VRS), captioned telephone or other service, give FEMA your number for that service. FEMA works with every household on a case-by-case basis.

FEMA representatives can explain available assistance programs, how to apply to FEMA, and help connect survivors with resources for their recovery needs.

When you apply, you will need to provide:A current phone number where you can be contacted.Your address at the time of the disaster and the address where you are now staying.Your Social Security Number. A general list of damage and losses.Banking information if you choose direct deposit.  If insured, the policy number or the agent and/or the company name.

Survivors should keep their contact information updated with FEMA as the agency may need to call to schedule

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