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In-brief analysis

May 21, 2025

Data source: United Nations Statistics Division, UN Comtrade
Note: Excludes trade within regions.

China has a major role at each stage of the global battery supply chain and dominates interregional trade of minerals. China imported almost 12 million short tons of raw and processed battery minerals, accounting for 44% of interregional trade, and exported almost 11 million short tons of battery materials, packs, and components, or 58% of interregional trade in 2023, according to regional UN Comtrade data.

In this article, we consider trade of three key minerals needed for batteries—graphite, lithium, and cobalt—among China and key global regions. These minerals are mined or extracted from natural and synthetic sources, processed for battery material manufacturing, and then used to produce batteries and battery components, with robust trade at each stage. As

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Job ID: 257243

Energy Innovator Fellowship
Varies

Description

The Energy Innovator Fellowship is seeking talented candidates with an interest in advancing solutions for critical energy organizations. Innovator Fellows will engage in hands-on learning experience supporting projects that the Host Institutions identify as solutions that will modernize the power system, improve energy infrastructure for transportation and industry, and make the U.S. power system more reliable, affordable, and resilient. Innovator Fellows can spend up to two years participating in the program.

When completing this application, you will select up to 5 preferred Host Institution projects (summaries of each project listed here: https://orise.orau.gov/eif/applicants/host-institution-list.html. Host Institutions may require in-person participation (on-site or hybrid). The Fellow location specified by the Host Institution can be found within the summary. If you are not willing to relocate, do not select Host Institutions requiring

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Synopsis

Wildland fire is a powerful force on the planet, one that is rapidly accelerating in complexity beyond our current understanding. A new approach is needed. This approach requires a proactive and scalable perspective that recognizes the variety and connectedness of components of wildland fire. Coordinated scientific research and education that enables large-scale, cross-cutting breakthroughs to transform our understanding of wildland fire is urgently needed. In an era of rapid change, our society needs forward-looking research built on new frameworks that will realign our relationship with wildland fire.

The Fire Science Innovations through Research and Education (FIRE) program invites innovative multidisciplinary and multisector investigations focused on convergent research and education activities in wildland fire. All areas of science, engineering, and education supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation are included in this program. Projects developed by a wide array of groups including, for example,

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