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In-brief analysis

August 4, 2025

In our recently published Annual Energy Outlook 2025 (AEO2025), we introduced our new Hydrogen Market Module (HMM), which allows us to model the market for hydrogen in the coming decades.

In most AEO2025 cases, we project hydrogen production will increase by around 80% in 2050 compared with 2024 and most hydrogen (H2) will be produced from natural gas in a process known as steam methane reforming (SMR). In most cases, we project less than 1% of hydrogen will be produced via electrolyzers, which use electricity to produce hydrogen from water, regardless of supportive policies.

In most of the cases we ran, we considered laws and regulations in place as of December 2024, which meant including tax credits implemented under the 2022 Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), such as the Section 45V Clean Hydrogen

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Aalto University is where science and art meet technology and business. We shape a sustainable future by making research breakthroughs in and across our disciplines, sparking the game changers of tomorrow and creating novel solutions to major global challenges. Our community is made up of 13 000 students, 400 professors and close to 4 500 other faculty and staff working on our dynamic campus in Espoo, Greater Helsinki, Finland. Diversity is part of who we are, and we actively work to ensure our community’s diversity and inclusiveness. This is why we warmly encourage qualified candidates from all backgrounds to join our community.

Are you looking for an operative position in the heart of the academic micro- and nanotechnology research? Aalto Nanofab is looking for a

STAFF SCIENTIST OR RESEARCH ENGINEER FOR CLEANROOM OPERATIONS

Aalto Nanofab is part of the national OtaNano research infrastructure and

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The U.S. National Science Foundation is investing over $74 million in six research institutes focused on the mathematical sciences and their broad applications in all fields of science, technology and many industries.

For over 40 years, NSF has funded Mathematical Sciences Research Institutes to serve as catalysts for U.S. research in mathematics and statistics and to produce mathematical innovations to rapidly address new and emerging challenges and opportunities. The institutes collectively investigate a wide range of mathematical research areas with potential impacts, including better patient outcomes in hospital emergency rooms, enhanced safety of semiautonomous vehicles, and detection of exoplanets using quantum physics. Previous research conducted at the institutes has had broad impacts, such as improved speed and accuracy of MRI imaging and the development of mathematical foundations of artificial intelligence-based technologies.

“From underpinning new encryption standards that will protect our information from quantum computers to navigating the intricate global supply chains that enable manufacturing and trade, the mathematical sciences are a driving force behind countless aspects of our national security, economy and quality of life,” says NSF Assistant Director for Mathematical and Physical Sciences David Berkowitz. “The NSF Mathematical Sciences Research Institutes will continue to empower U.S. mathematical scientists to punch into promising new areas of exploration.”

Reflecting the universal usefulness of the mathematical sciences, the institutes have partnered with and received support from a

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From 04/08/2025 to 04/08/2025, a Tropical Depression (maximum wind speed of 111 km/h) EIGHT-E-25 was active in EastPacific. The cyclone affects these countries: [unknown] (vulnerability [unknown]). Estimated population affected by category 1 (120 km/h) wind speeds or higher is 0 (0 in tropical storm).

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