RSS feed source: US Energy Information Administration

In-brief analysis

August 5, 2025

Data source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-930, Hourly and Daily Balancing Authority Operations Report

Electricity demand in the Lower 48 states exceeded previous peaks on two days in the last week of July.

Hot weather, which increases electricity demand for cooling, combined with an underlying trend of demand increases, pushed coincident peak demand for the Lower 48 states to a high of 758,053 megawatts (MW) on July 28 between 6:00 p.m. and 7:00 p.m. eastern time, according to the preliminary data in our Hourly Electric Grid Monitor. The next day, peak demand set another record, reaching 759,180 MW, 1.9% more than the record set on July 15, 2024 of 745,020 MW.

We forecast U.S. electricity demand fulfilled by the electric power sector will grow at an annual rate of

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RSS feed source: US Energy Information Administration

In-brief analysis

August 4, 2025

In our recently published Annual Energy Outlook 2025 (AEO2025), we introduced our new Hydrogen Market Module (HMM), which allows us to model the market for hydrogen in the coming decades.

In most AEO2025 cases, we project hydrogen production will increase by around 80% in 2050 compared with 2024 and most hydrogen (H2) will be produced from natural gas in a process known as steam methane reforming (SMR). In most cases, we project less than 1% of hydrogen will be produced via electrolyzers, which use electricity to produce hydrogen from water, regardless of supportive policies.

In most of the cases we ran, we considered laws and regulations in place as of December 2024, which meant including tax credits implemented under the 2022 Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), such as the Section 45V Clean Hydrogen

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RSS feed source: US Energy Information Administration

In-brief analysis

July 31, 2025

In our most recent Short-Term Energy Outlook (STEO), we forecast nationwide U.S. retail electricity sales to ultimate customers will grow at an annual rate of 2.2% in both 2025 and 2026, compared with average growth of 0.8% between 2020 and 2024. The forecast reflects rapid electricity demand growth in Texas and several mid-Atlantic states, where the grid is managed by the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) and the PJM Interconnection, respectively. We expect electricity demand in ERCOT to grow at an average rate of 11% in 2025 and 2026 while the PJM region grows by 4%.

After relatively little change in U.S. electricity demand between 2005 and 2020, retail sales of electricity have begun growing again, driven by rising demand in the commercial and industrial sectors. Developers have proposed numerous data

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RSS feed source: US Energy Information Administration

In-brief analysis

July 30, 2025

This TIE was updated on August 4 to clarify language.

Data source: Standard International Trade Classification data published by the U.S. Census Bureau
Note: Prices are adjusted for inflation.

The value of energy trade between the United States and Canada remained steady in 2024 at an estimated $151 billion compared with $154 billion in 2023, according to data from the U.S. Census Bureau. Energy trade value is the total value of energy imports and exports between two countries and is driven by commodity volumes and prices. Most of the U.S.-Canada trade value is U.S. energy imports from Canada—$124 billion in 2024—rather than from U.S. energy exports to Canada, which totaled $27 billion last year.

The volume of crude oil and natural gas traded between the two countries increased in

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