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Scientists found that a tiny atomic structure that forms on nickel oxide during methane conversion is more effective than the metallic nickel long believed to drive the reaction. The discovery allowed a low-nickel catalyst to rival one containing 10 times more metal, potentially opening the door to cheaper and more efficient industrial catalysts.
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Cutting-edge science and technology advancements are revolutionizing artificial intelligence systems. Mark Hersam an NSF-supported researcher, discusses nanoelectronic materials and how a cerebellum-inspired approach may transform how AI performs in wearable devices.
Listen to NSF Discovery Files wherever you get your podcasts.
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Throughout the history of the computer chip, engineers have treated waste heat as an inevitable cost of a calculation. Hannah Earley, however, thinks it’s a design choice. Earley, 31, is cofounder and chief technology officer of Vaire Computing, a startup building chips that recycle energy usually thrown away as heat—a strategy known as reversible computing. Ultimately, she thinks, this approach could help make data centers (and our laptops and phones) much more energy efficient.
When conventional computer chips perform calculations, they erase the information they no longer need along the way, dissipating energy as heat in the process. Earley compares the approach to racing through a city only to pump the brakes at every intersection: The car loses momentum and must burn more fuel to accelerate again. Reversible computing aims to keep the momentum going—instead of erasing information from the intermediate steps in a
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In-brief analysis
September 4, 2026
Data source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Update; Bloomberg L.P.
Note: The data for the week ending September 5 are estimated based on data through September 3. Refinery margin is calculated as the difference between the price of a gallon of wholesale gasoline at New York Harbor and the spot market price of a gallon of Brent crude oil. Retail, distribution, and taxes captures retail margins, distribution costs, and federal and state taxes; it is calculated as the difference between the U.S. average regular gasoline retail price and the wholesale gasoline price at New York Harbor. Crude oil reflects the spot market price of a gallon of Brent crude oil.
What are crack spreads and why are they elevated?
Crack spreads are indicators of the profitability of refining
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