RSS feed source: National Science Foundation
A new study supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation shows, for the first time, how heat moves — or rather, doesn’t — between materials in a high-energy-density plasma state. The work is expected to provide a better understanding of inertial confinement fusion experiments, which aim to reliably achieve fusion ignition on Earth using lasers. How heat flows between a hot plasma and a material’s surface is also important in other technologies, including semiconductor etching and vehicles that fly at hypersonic speeds.
High-energy-density plasmas are produced only at extreme pressures and temperatures. The study shows that interfacial thermal resistance, a phenomenon known to impede heat transfer in less extreme conditions, also prevents heat flow between different materials in a dense, super-hot plasma state. The research is published in Nature Communications and was led by Thomas White, a physicist at the University of Nevada, Reno, and his former doctoral student, Cameron Allen. White is a recipient of an NSF Faculty Early Career Development grant.
“Understanding how energy flows across a boundary is a fundamental question, and this work provides us with new insights into how this happens in the exceptionally energy-dense environments that one finds inside of stars and planetary cores,” says Jeremiah Williams, a program director for the NSF Plasma Physics program.
RSS feed source: National Science Foundation
FRANKFORT, Ky. – If you are a survivor of Kentucky April storms, straight-line winds, tornadoes, floods, landslides and mudslides, you may also be a target of con artists and criminals who try to obtain money or steal personal information.
Protect Your Identity
In some cases, thieves try to apply for FEMA assistance using names, addresses and Social Security numbers they have stolen from survivors.
If a FEMA inspector comes to your home and you did not submit a FEMA application, your information may have been used without your knowledge to create a FEMA application. If so, please inform the inspector that you did not apply for FEMA assistance, so the inspector can submit a request to stop further processing of the application.If you did not apply for assistance, but received a letter from FEMA, please call the FEMA Helpline at
800-621-3362. The Helpline will submit a request to stop any further processing of that application. If you do wish to apply for FEMA assistance after stopping an application made in your name without your knowledge, the Helpline will assist you in creating a new application.Identify Legitimate FEMA Staff
FEMA Disaster Survivor Assistance teams, housing inspectors and other officials are working in areas impacted
by the April severe storms throughout Kentucky. They carry official identification badges with photo. FEMA representatives never charge applicants for disaster assistance, inspections or help in filling out
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RSS feed source: National Science Foundation
In-brief analysis
May 1, 2025
Data source: CME Group, Bloomberg L.P.
Note: Refinery margin is calculated as the 3-2-1 crack spread on the U.S. Atlantic Coast, which represents two barrels of gasoline and one barrel of distillate fuel oil minus three barrels of Brent crude oil. 1Q25=first quarter of 2025
During the first quarter of 2025 (1Q25), crude oil prices generally decreased while U.S. refinery margins initially increased before decreasing in the final month of the quarter. In this quarterly update, we review petroleum markets price developments in 1Q25, covering crude oil prices, refinery margins, biofuel compliance credit prices, and natural gas plant liquids prices.
Crude oil prices
After reaching a quarterly high of $82 per barrel (b) on January 15, crude oil prices generally declined through the end of the first quarter, settling at $75/b
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RSS feed source: National Science Foundation
CHARLESTON, W.Va. – The deadline to apply for FEMA assistance has passed, but FEMA is still here to help West Virginians.
If you have questions about your application, disagree with FEMA’s decision and would like to talk about next steps, or need to update your information, there are several ways to get in touch. You can:
Visit a Disaster Recovery Center (DRC).Call the FEMA Helpline at 800-621-3362. Lines are open seven days a week.Visit DisasterAssistance.gov.Download the FEMA App.
At a Disaster Recovery Center, you can meet face-to-face with FEMA staff. Centers are still open Monday to Friday, 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. in McDowell, Mingo and Wyoming counties. To find a center nearest you, visit fema.gov/drc or text “DRC” and a Zip Code to 43362.
Though the deadline to submit an application was April 28, the process to receive assistance can take some time. If FEMA has a question about your application or is trying to schedule an inspection, we may call you. FEMA encourages applicants to answer calls from unknown numbers as we may be trying to reach you. If your phone number has changed since you applied, please let us know by calling our helpline, logging into your online account, or visiting a Disaster Recovery Center. If FEMA cannot reach you, we may temporarily pause your application and you will need to reach out to resume the assistance
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