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Coordinated action across disciplines can deliver transformative technologies. U.S. National Science Foundation-supported researcher Rajesh Menon discusses his work combining optical systems with cutting-edge nanofabrication.

Listen to NSF Discovery Files wherever you get your podcasts.

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Researchers have captured key steps in a chemical reaction that helps nature transfer energy with remarkable efficiency. Ultrafast X-rays revealed how changes involving electrons and protons are closely linked to the rearrangement of surrounding water molecules. Because similar reactions drive photosynthesis and other energy-conversion processes, the technique could help scientists develop better catalysts, fuel cells, and flow batteries.

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In-brief analysis

October 5, 2026

Data source: Bloomberg L.P.
Note: 3Q26=third quarter of 2026

Petroleum markets in the third quarter of 2026 (3Q26) were characterized by increasing prices for crude oil and petroleum products amid persistent conflict in the Middle East.

Crude oil prices

Crude oil prices steadily climbed in 3Q26 as markets adjusted to renewed military strikes in the Middle East. The front-month futures price of a barrel of Brent crude oil began the quarter at $72 per barrel (b) on July 1, the lowest since February 26, two days before the start of the war. The low prices at the start of the quarter reflected increased flows through the Strait of Hormuz in June following the June 17 Memorandum of Understanding (MOU).

Following the resumption of military strikes on July 7, crude

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